Domestic violence is not only physical. It includes emotional abuse, coercive control, intimidation, financial restriction, isolation and online harassment. Being able to identify these patterns of behaviour early is critical to protecting those at risk. Warning signs may include sudden behavioural changes, withdrawal, anxiety, excessive responsibility for siblings or secrecy about home life.

Domestic and family violence takes many forms: physical, emotional, psychological, sexual, financial and technology-facilitated abuse. Its impact is not confined to the home. It ripples through schools, workplaces and communities. Recognising its broad and often hidden nature is the first step toward prevention and protection.

Children don’t have to be physically harmed to carry the scars of domestic violence. Witnessing shouting, threats or intimidation can leave them feeling fearful, guilty or responsible. Trauma may manifest as sleep problems, poor concentration, heightened alertness, acting out or withdrawal from friends and schoolwork. Behaviour is often a response to stress, not defiance.

Students need to know there are safe, trusted adults they can turn to. For many young people, knowing that school is a predictable, calm and supportive environment can be life-changing. Access to wellbeing staff, counsellors and designated safe spaces helps students feel secure enough to speak up and seek support when they need it most.

Young people may worry about getting a parent into trouble or breaking up their family. It is important to reassure them that violence is never their fault and that seeking help is about safety and support. Creating a culture where concerns can be raised without fear reduces silence and stigma.

Breaking the cycle of domestic violence requires cultural change. Schools play a vital role by embedding respectful relationships education, modelling equality and kindness, and addressing gender stereotypes and inequality wherever they occur. Reinforcing that violence is never justified, regardless of stress, conflict or circumstance, strengthens accountability.

Understanding how trauma affects behaviour and learning enables us to respond with empathy and consistency. Predictable routines, calm communication and supportive interventions can reduce re-traumatisation and help students rebuild a sense of safety.

Prevention requires broader community engagement. Campaigns such as White Ribbon, encourage honest conversations with men and boys and involve schools, workplaces and communities in visible action. These initiatives reinforce that preventing domestic violence is everyone’s responsibility.

While women and children are disproportionately impacted by domestic and family violence, it is important to recognise that men can also experience abuse. Domestic violence can affect people of all genders, ages and backgrounds. Ensuring that support is inclusive and accessible to everyone strengthens safety and reduces stigma for those who may feel overlooked or reluctant to seek help.

Domestic and family violence affects people across all cultures, faiths, communities and socio-economic backgrounds. Responses must be respectful, culturally sensitive and inclusive, ensuring that support services are accessible and responsive to the diverse needs of individuals and families.

Community initiatives, government programs and school-based interventions are critical. Whether it’s early education about respectful relationships, culturally tailored services or programs that provide safe housing, investing in prevention and intervention is how we create sustainable, long-term change.

Seeking help is a step toward safety, not blame. If you or someone you know may be experiencing domestic or family violence, it is important to know that support is available. Watch the Special Report on this topic which outlines trusted support services and professional pathways for assistance. In situations where someone is at immediate risk, emergency assistance should always be sought.