The article uses data from the National Drug Strategy Household Survey 2022-2023 to report that daily tobacco smoking among young Australians has dropped to historically low levels, while e-cigarette and vaping use has surged-particularly among those aged 14-24, with notable gender differences in uptake. It highlights that although risky alcohol use and illicit drug consumption remain concerns, the evolving patterns of use among young people signal shifting public health challenges that warrant targeted attention.